Geoff,
Yes, I use Windows 10 Pro 64-bit. The 4K screen is a 28" Asus PB287Q 4K Gaming Monitor, the other a 21.6" Samsung SyncMaster 2253LW.
Windows 8/10 don't offer the developer any "better" scaling over Windows 7, but there are improvements to how the OS alerts the program to changes in DPI, and how the developer then chooses to respond to those changes. The OS does a lot behind the scenes from using brute-force doubling of pixels on applications that don't support scaling well (native Win32), to providing the necessary notifications e.g. that an application window is changing between different DPI's, and even giving suggesting window sizes to the application. These are of course hidden to the end user, but allow the application to respond well to the changes.
TLDR; - Each application is fully in control of how it displays itself, and the OS does most the grunt work in alerting the program to any changes in DPI.
It is important to understand that with FSX the UI does not scale (i believe it's a bitmapped MFC-style app over Win32), but that when the simulator environment is drawn to the screen (to the back-buffer in graphics-speak), it is at the full resolution you choose in the FSX settings. Just as you can resize a windowed FSX, the back buffer will adjust for whatever resolution screen FSX is running on.