I like this one. It's called Yaw Killer, and all about the rudder..., through the different phases of flight.

 

 

 

http://flighttraining.aopa.org/magazine/2011/December/feature-rudder.html

And another one. This favors the helical slipstream over P-factor. That's also a never ending debate. In the meantime, torque just seems to get lost.

 

http://www.stearman.net/index.php/why-does-a-stearman-want-to-go-left-in-takeoff/

 

 

I like this one. It's called Yaw Killer, and all about the rudder..., through the different phases of flight.http://flighttrainin...ure-rudder.html

 

This article, and the next, are both very interesting - thanks for making it available Larry!

 

They also bring up a flaw on most MSFS / P3D aircraft, prop or jet, it doesn't matter, and one that plagues even the best!

 

When you initiate a turn yo need to use rudder due to the "adverse yaw effect", but the moment you neutralise the ailerons, there is no additional drag on the outside wing, and the relative wind will be now aligned witn your plane, so, none or really minimal rudder should have to be used, until you want to terminate the turn, using outside aileron and rudder to coordinate :-)

 

Some aircraft in MSFS require a huge amount of rudder all along the turn which is perfectly unrealistic! Thsi happens to even the best Real Air and A2A aircraft!!!! The A2A B377 is a good example, but RealAirs Citabria/Dechatlon, their Duke, etc... also suffer from the same flaw.

 

In this respect X-Plane does a much better work...

This article, and the next, are both very interesting - thanks for making it available Larry!

 

They also bring up a flaw on most MSFS / P3D aircraft, prop or jet, it doesn't matter, and one that plagues even the best!

 

When you initiate a turn yo need to use rudder due to the "adverse yaw effect", but the moment you neutralise the ailerons, there is no additional drag on the outside wing, and the relative wind will be now aligned witn your plane, so, none or really minimal rudder should have to be used, until you want to terminate the turn, using outside aileron and rudder to coordinate :-)

 

Some aircraft in MSFS require a huge amount of rudder all along the turn which is perfectly unrealistic! Thsi happens to even the best Real Air and A2A aircraft!!!! The A2A B377 is a good example, but RealAirs Citabria/Dechatlon, their Duke, etc... also suffer from the same flaw.

 

 

In this respect X-Plane does a much better work...

This one is a tough one to generalize. There are planes, in which you actually have to lead the ailerons with rudder. Usually not the case, but they're there. And then there are those, in which little or no rudder is needed, or different variables of the combination. My RV, with the frize ailerons is an example. I just watch the ball, to a degree. Sometimes, it will be swinging back & forth for a moment.

I built, what I considered to be the perfectly aligned airplane. Smart level for setting the wings & tail surfaces. Flaps & ailerons were perfectly level from end to end.

 

This plane has an offset engine (to the right), and no built in offset on the vertical stab.

 

Now this prompts a question for me.

 

You say your aircraft is perfectly simmetrical except for the right engine cant. So, this means that there will be a right-ward component of the engine thrust that should cause the aircraft to drift to the right in flight, if not compensated.

 

So, how is it compensated? I can only think of two solutions:

 

1) a slight left bank, so that wing lift has a horizontal left-ward component compensating the right-ward engine thrust. But if this is the case, then the ball on the inclinometer should be slightly leaning on the left, in cruise;

 

2) a slight left yaw, so that fuselage produces a left-ward force compensating the right-ward engine thrust.

 

The side engine thrust due to the engine being canted right MUST be there, so it must be compensated in some way!

 

Marco

Now this prompts a question for me.

You say your aircraft is perfectly simmetrical except for the right engine cant. So, this means that there will be a right-ward component of the engine thrust that should cause the aircraft to drift to the right in flight, if not compensated.

 

So, how is it compensated? I can only think of two solutions:

 

1) a slight left bank, so that wing lift has a horizontal left-ward component compensating the right-ward engine thrust. But if this is the case, then the ball on the inclinometer should be slightly leaning on the left, in cruise;

2) a slight left yaw, so that fuselage produces a left-ward force compensating the right-ward engine thrust.

The side engine thrust due to the engine being canted right MUST be there, so it must be compensated in some way!

 

With a prop turning clockwise from the cockpit............there is a strong yaw force to the left. This will continue from wheels rolling down the runway, through cruise. The yaw is there, when the engine is turning the prop with enough force to move the airplane. If there is no offset vertical stab, or no built in or adjustable rudder trim tab, the force of left yaw is heavy. It's so heavy, that I just let the RV fly a bit sideways for quite a few hours. It's too tiring to use rudder pressure to constantly compensate. This left yaw, is certainly making up for the right canted engine, and then some.

 

Then I experiment with a balsa wood wedge taped to the rudder. I'm a good guesser, and the wedge keeps the ball centered at a cruise speed I prefer. Engine offset is still figured in, as part compensation to left yaw. At that point, I could use a nice plastic wedge, glued with adheasives, or make & rivit an aluminum fixed rudder tab. I again, have a good guess, but it's a lot of what I've seen on the internet.

 

What it comes down to, is just how much left yaw, there really is, when there is nothing to help remove the forces. If an airplane uses bias springs to trim for rudder, they'll be heavier duty, than ones uses to trim balanced ailerons. I don't like bias spring trim, and prefer tabs. Even an elec. controlled rudder tab would have been nice, for trimmed perfection.

Just another info...

 

I just managed to properly set the Aerosoft DR-400 ( for P3D ) so that, just like the real thing, it asks for rudder ( not aileron, unless you let the yaw-induced roll start to develop ), and it contnues to ask for it almost continuously, like some RW DR-400 pilots complain about :-)

 

In FSX we can cant the engine, just like in X-Plane, but there are also modifiersfor the torque-induced roll and p-factor/slipstream-induced yaw.

 

I am satisfied with my DR-400 in P3D now.

 

The same goes for the DR-400 by XPFR for X-Plane10. I believe I could find the perfect mix of tweaks that makes it fly with a sideslip and almost no rolling tendendices unless you do not correct with rudder.

 

Some prop aircraft in X-plane so signs of slipstream effects over the tail surfaces while others don't. This DR-400 shows the yellow vectors pointing right whenever you increase throttle. Strangely the RVs show nothing at all (????), so, when I apply them the TorqueFix, they not only don't roll but also do not yaw :-/

 

Designing a prop aircraft in X-Plane 10 takes a lot of care and experimentation...

I just read about the Aerosoft Robin DR-400. Interesting, as the particular model had no rudder trim tab, until recently. As I said, just a small balsa wood wedge (3/4" * 4"), and a piece of duct tape.....can sure help out a worn out leg and foot!