hello everyone, while on this subject of flying your aircraft can someone please help with this query. i try and vary flying procedures by trying VOR and NDBs the problem is finding the correct angle and degree of turn required. for example, EGPF (glasgow) VOR RW05 115.4 has an outbound course heading 200 at 3000ft for 10dme, thereafter a turn to 043 for inbound approach to RW05. how do you calculate the degree of turn from 200 to 043 accurately without wandering all over the place. many thanks in advance for any answers. richard welsh

Richard, this deserves a new thread.On the surface, the problem looks easy if you fly outbound heading 200 then turn (right?) to 043, you are turning 157 degrees. Make a standard rate turn and start to roll out on heading about 5 degrees before. A standard rate turn is a 2 minute turn (180deg/min) so your turn would take (157/180=) about 52-60 seconds (depending on roll rates going into and out of turn).Type aircraft?

Richard, this deserves a new thread.On the surface, the problem looks easy if you fly outbound heading 200 then turn (right?) to 043, you are turning 157 degrees. Make a standard rate turn and start to roll out on heading about 5 degrees before. A standard rate turn is a 2 minute turn (180deg/min) so your turn would take (157/180=) about 52-60 seconds (depending on roll rates going into and out of turn).Type aircraft?

hi Dan, your always good for an answer, i will take your advice as stated and see how i get on. i would amagine that in the real world of commercial flying with safety uppermost the ILS would be the logical option for landing whereby the VOR and NDB have long since taken a back seat. thanks. richard welsh.

Richard, this deserves a new thread.On the surface, the problem looks easy if you fly outbound heading 200 then turn (right?) to 043, you are turning 157 degrees. Make a standard rate turn and start to roll out on heading about 5 degrees before. A standard rate turn is a 2 minute turn (180deg/min) so your turn would take (157/180=) about 52-60 seconds (depending on roll rates going into and out of turn).Type aircraft?

Good advice. Just a small correction, a turn from the 200 radial outbound to the 223 radial inbound (tracking 043) is a 203 degree turn (turning right 180 gets you pointing 020, plus another 23). When tracking outbound from a navaid and turning back towards it the turn will always be greater than 180 degrees.As mentioned, a rate one turn should take just over a minute. Using the heading function on the flight director should give you the appropriate bank angle. Now instead of rolling out at 043, set heading 358 up initially (45 degree intercept). When you get there, if the CDI needle isn't moving yet, stay on that heading until it is. If it is moving as you approach 358, adjust your rate of bank so that the CDI is centred when you roll out on 043.It's good fun practicing this stuff in strong winds. If you assess the winds before the turn you can decide whether you need, for example, to make the turn tighter because you are being blown towards the inbound radial.