OK is time already to have completely sufficient explanation. Truth in fact has already been stated but to some who keep asking questions I say "What part of this do you understand?" With sincere respect, those that want to "capture ILS" or "capture glideslope" in Antonov 24 (very pretty good replication of aircraft by Samborski) are committing anachronism. When this aircraft was in service in USSR, it found very few or almost no "ILS." Today "ILS" appear at some Russia and Confederation airports and more in "near abroad," but this is for use of Western crews who do not have full level of skills. When Antonov 24 was main short-range aircraft of Antonov, we flew without such aids. If you look still at aeronautical map of Russia, even I believe in this "Flight Simulator" made by Microsoft, you see that for each airport there are always two main approach aids, these are VHF frequencies (so-called NDB). Is always pair of these beacons aligned with runway from both directions, usually frequencies are the same in both directions of approach to runway (in real world these beacons are turned on only in direction of "runway in use" but in "Flight Simulator" by Microsoft all beacons are always turned on this is hard code in game). In any case, device called ARK is used for approach. In aircraft are two VHF (so-called "ADF") receivers. Frequencies of radio set to frequencies of two beacons aligned with runway. On ARK are needles allowing to read direction to beacons. Is all you need if you fly right. When flying approach, we only fly to keep all needles on ARK straight. When we pass over outer beacon, needle "flips" but is still straight in alignment with runway. Crew knows altitude at which they cross first beacon and altitude at which we cross second beacon. Descent rate is calculated by navigator, this is what we pay him to do (little joke). We follow this same descent rate to cross first and second (outer and middle) ADF at correct height, and continuing on this leads us to runway threshold (of course we have minimum height from which to see runway, or otherwise is not possible to land). This is how we land Antonov 24 in real world. Everything is done using ARK (ADF and NDB). Please note how ingenious is system that using two beacons (and two needles) keeping them always in straight line, we are able to correct also for wind. It is old mathematics law discovered by Euclid that two points give a straight line and this leads directly to runway so we do not need "ILS" or other automatic system, using pilot skills instead. Of course important value is altitude at which to cross beacons, but this is standard calculated value and can change with height of airport above sea or sometimes with local conditions (mountain high ground around airport or other restrictions). Now to problem that cause "bugbear" to some and this is apparent inclusion of so-called "VOR" gauge in cockpit of excellent simulation replica by Samborski. This may be partly political question that I do not remember all details (different factory made VOR-type gauge and necessity existed to use these products) but fact is that gauges of this type may have been included for so-called external flights to countries beyond fraternal bloc, to the degree that this would occur in Antonov (perhaps some Pole or Latvian highjack it to Sweden -- little joke number two!). However in practice Aeroflot pilots did not use this system and to the degree that it is included in excellent replica by Samborski this requires being treated as supererogatory. He had some other real Aeroflot oldtimers to help with replica so no wonder they do not instruct about "ILS" and so-called "VOR"! So again I say that in Aeroflot we make approach using two ARK (ADF - NDB or VHF) beacons, crossing them at set altitude, and everything is spiffy! This is obvious to Aeroflot pilot, try to fly like him. Even better of course is to see runway through window!I now remember man who had ability to anwer all questions on VOR, this was (Senior lecturer) Abramovich at Voronezh Technical Higher School (this is hard term to translate onto English) of Aerial Communication and Transport in Chelski, he is always ready to answer all questions but must be older by now, if even uses e-mail. Someone tries to contact him.So we say is very good from man who has this Antonov 24 many hours that people all over the world are flying this replica and only now they can chill out and fly real instrument approaches like Soviet way, and afterwards if necessary we discuss "question" who really "won" so-called "Cold War"! Zdaroviya!

Now this is very useful. And thankyou. All we need to complete the set is a tutorial (or the manual!) to explain how to set this up using the various twiddly bits on the Navigators panel, or confirmation that ADF offsets cannot be programmed into the gauges used due to limitations of FS. Using the guidance above (and if I follow it right) the gauges should be programmable so that the degree of offset, degree of variance AND range from/to each ADF beacon is set in such a way as to make the needles line up when the aircraft is on the correct approach path. Factor in crossing heights and you have a non-beam riding GCA. Using FSNavigator, I can create an ADF-approach-with-height recommendation along the lines of a standard approach plate. Or even use the standard ILS approach with height markers. It's just standard aerial navigation, nothing special or unique, or uniquely Friendly Bloc (Love that expression!). In fact, it was invented by the West (the British actually) in the 1940's. But it was only rarely used for approaches.Maybe I'll have a look at this at the weekend.Allcott

Allcott baby I kiss you in both faces and now perhaps we lay this "bugbear" to waste!I also try this navigation on "Flight Simulator" soon as I have time. So far I only fly this Antonov replica a few patterns and land visual. Then to compare results but I think you find it works in simplest way. Simplest is best way. Only I do not understand your meaning of "offsets" because some kind of "offset" approach is not found in USSR that I know. All time this is flying straight approach over two beacons and like you said it is straightforward navigation and from what I can tell about procedure, easier and more accurate than what is called "NDB approach" still in common use in many places. Biggest problem in "Flight Simulator" is inaccessibility of charts and this is why you have to calculate for yourself altitude of crossing VHF beacon. Otherwise having charts (maybe charts from 1970, little joke) these values are listed as were available to flight crew in real Antonov. Don't be sure this is British invention. We did this ourselves and we had biggest and safest airline in world that everyone could fly on and please remember that 90 percent of our country was worse than your Alaska speaking of topography climate and distance. Maybe to follow old Soviet methods in Soviet airplane! (Now Aeroflot again becomes best airline in world but not the same, Boeing and little dwarf Airbus is not Tupolev or Ilyushin, that was real beautiful aircraft for pilots not somebody typing on computer, also different now is capitalist inequality because in good old times everyone could afford to fly, even poor man or woman with farm products. Too bad, life goes on). P.S. I say "fraternal" countries not "friendly" in my last public pronouncement on this information board. Is big difference -- too many "friends" like that not so good, very expensive to defend them, we told them to go on their own way and now everybody is happier and especially we! "Fraternal" and "friend" -- is old Russian wise statement: "Brother you cannot choose, friend you can." Best friend has own oil.